背景

最近修改过去写的一些perl脚本，将其释伴（即解释器定义行）修改为更加具备可移植性的“#!/usr/bin/env perl”写法。在这个过程中，看到了这样一种推荐写法：

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#!/usr/bin/env -S perl -T -w

第一行中，“-S”是env的参数，用来表示后续并不是单个命令名称，而是具有参数的命令行；“-T”和“-w”都是perl的参数，分别表示打开“Taint检查”和“警告检查”。

对于Perl的警告检查，这个我用得相对多一些，它能避免错误使用未定义的变量名。然而“Taint模式”或者说“Taint检查”，之前没有听过，于是对此做了一番调研学习。

解释

来自Perl文档的说明如下：

perldoc perlrun：

-T turns on “taint” so you can test them. Ordinarily these checks are done only when running setuid or setgid. It’s a good idea to turn them on explicitly for programs that run on behalf of someone else whom you might not necessarily trust, such as CGI programs or any internet servers you might write in Perl. See perlsec for details. For security reasons, this option must be seen by Perl quite early; usually this means it must appear early on the command line or in the “#!” line for systems which support that construct.

perldoc perlsec：

Perl automatically enables a set of special security checks, called taint mode, when it detects its program running with differing real and effective user or group IDs. The setuid bit in Unix permissions is mode 04000, the setgid bit mode 02000; either or both may be set. You can also enable taint mode explicitly by using the -T command line flag. This flag is strongly suggested for server programs and any program run on behalf of someone else, such as a CGI script. Once taint mode is on, it’s on for the remainder of your script.

出于安全性的考虑，该检查选项是被强烈推荐使用的。它会检查各数据输入，若是运行时来自文件输入，则避免将其用于其他磁盘写或命令执行等操作。

StackOverflow上有一个回答，比较鲜明地展示了这种检查的作用甚至是必要性：

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$ echo '`rm -rf /`' | perl -Te 'eval while <>'
Insecure dependency in eval while running with -T switch at -e line 1, <> line 1.

上面的perl命令会从输入读取每一行，并将其作为命令进行执行，遇到“rm -rf /”这种命令，不加限制，可想而知后果会多么恶劣。

示例

有如下perl脚本：

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$ cat foo.pl
#!/usr/bin/env -S perl -T -w
use strict;
use warnings;

print "Input: ";
my $s = <>;              # `s` is taint
print "Command: ", $s;   # `print()` does not check taint
print "Results: ", `$s`; # backtick does check taint

其运行结果如下：

$ ./foo.pl
Input: hostname
Command: hostname
Insecure dependency in `` while running with -T switch at ./foo.pl line 8, <> line 1.

上面代码框中的第二行中的“hostname”是输入的命令；第三行是单纯用print输出其内容，此时并不会检查，因而成功输出；第四行由于变量s被用于反引号（命令执行），于是受到taint检查，报出错误信息，而不会被执行。

参考

• Wikipedia: Taint checking
• StackOverflow: Is Perl’s taint mode useful?
• Perldoc: perlsec